Kısa cevap · Soru 151
What does current account surplus refer to?
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Current account surplus refers to a situation where the net result of the Current Account is positive.
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Current account surplus refers to a situation where the net result of the Current Account is positive.
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Foreign direct investments (FDI) are the real investments made directly to the firms, capital commodities and land. In foreign direct investments, the control on the investment is in the hands of the investor.
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Capital account constitutes the properties that are not financial, like the patent rights, intellectual property rights and licenses, etc.
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Financial account is the main sub-account of the Capital Account and Financial Account under which the foreign direct investments and portfolio investments are recorded.
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Portfolio investments are financial properties and assets such as bonds, Treasury bills and stocks.
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Balance of payments deficit refers to the situation where the net result of the “Current Account + Capital and Financial Account + Official Reserves Account + Statistical Discrepancy Account” equation is negative.
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Balance of payments surplus refers to the situation where the net result of the “Current Account + Capital and Financial Account + Official Reserves Account + Statistical Discrepancy Account” equation is positive.
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Economic growth is the percentage increase in the gross domestic product of nation from a period to another period of time.
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In order to compute the economic growth for a country, firstly we need to have nominal GDP and real GDP values for series of years for that country.
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Factors of production are the inputs used in the production process. They are the physical capital (K), labor (L), natural resources (raw materials, land, energy, etc.) and the entrepreneurship.
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The production function is an expression that relates the total output produced to the quantities of inputs used.
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The marginal product of capital is the change in output produced that results in one unit increase (change) in the capital stock
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The marginal product of labor is the increase (change) in the output produced that results in one-unit increase (change) in labor input.
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Supply shocks are the shocks that cause the change of an economy’s production function.
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The rule of 70 allows us to easily calculate how much it takes for a variable to double itself.
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The main sources of economic growth are the productivity growth, capital input growth, and labor input growth.
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The Harrod–Domar growth model is a very simple model to present the determinants of economic growth. The model relates an economy’s growth rate to its capital stock and it emphasizes how positive changes in investment spending causes an increase in an economy’s productive capacity.
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The Assumptions of the Solow Growth Model • The economy consists of one sector producing one good which is used for either investment or consumption, • It is closed economy without government, • Since the economy is a closed one, then the saving is equal to investment, • The economy is always producing its potential which is the full employment level of output, • In the model, the rate of technological growth, population growth and the depreciation rate of capital are all determined exogenously
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1.Steady states investment, 2.Steady states consumption, 3.Steady-state saving.
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Golden Rule capital labor ratio refers to the level of the capital labor ratio that maximizes the consumption per worker in the steady state.
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The Solow growth model implies that the rate of productivity improvement is the dominant factor determining how quickly living standards rise and an increase in the saving rate has no impact on the long-run rate of economic growth.
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1.Policies for Saving 2.Policies to Raise the Rate of Productivity Growth
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The theory suggests that if the private market is efficiently working, then the government should not try to change the saving rate by changing the policies since the saving rate determined by the market represents the tradeoff between the present and future consumption.
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Studies suggest that there is a strong connection between productivity and human capital formation. The government can encourage human capital formation through educational policies, worker training and relocation programs, and health programs.
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Economic development reflects social and economic progress and requires economic growth. Economic growth is a vital and necessary condition for development, but it is not a sufficient condition as it cannot guarantee development. In general, economic development is improvements in the standard of living through the creation of jobs, the support of innovation and new ideas, the creation of higher wealth, and the creation of an overall better quality of life.
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