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Anadolu AÖFDersDeneme sınavı (kaynak yayını)Ünite çalışması
Introduction to Law
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- Soru 2
"Law is studied on an objective and empirical basis. The question is not what law ought to be, but rather what actually law is. Only laws on the statute books and other written forms can be considered as law since they have an empirical form." Which of the following approaches defines law from an empirical perspective?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 3
Which one of the following statements is false as regards to provincial departments?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 4
Article 1363 of the Italian Civil Code reads: “Clauses in contracts are to be interpreted each by means of the others, by attributing to each of them the meaning which ensues from the whole of the contract.” Which of the following types of interpretation does this article refer to?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 5
Which of the followings is wrong?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 6
Which type of interpretation does require an investigation into the semantic content and the syntactic structure of a provision.?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 7
Which article of Turkish Constitution stipulates that international laws shall prevail in case they contradict national laws in Turkish Republic?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 8
Which one below is the historical root of Civil law tradition?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 9
Which one of the following functionally decentralized administrations are established to regulate the operation of markets and make regulations in order to both set and protect the public interest in these markets by setting standards, issuing licenses, prohibiting unlawful practices?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 10
What is the process of clarifying the true meaning of a written document?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 11
With which of the following Covenants do the members of The Human Rights Committee have to be affiliated?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 12
The existence of human rights is a result of a struggle against unrestricted absolute power of rulers. Which of the following texts is not one of the early examples of documents against absolute power?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 13
"We have discovered that students who come eager to learn the rules and who do learn them, and who learn nothing more, will take away the shell and not the substance. We have discovered that rules alone, mere forms of words, are worthless" The quote above was said by which legal mind on US legal education?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 14
What does the mean of "interpretatio cessat in claris"?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 15
When norms conflict, which solution is applicable by courts?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 16
I. The European Court of Human Rights consists of judges from the member states of European Union II. The judges who are elected for the Committee are not representatives of their states III. National judges shall not sit as a single judge. Which of above are false?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 17
“Sanctions for civil wrongs are primarily ……..” Which word should fill the blank in the sentence above?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 18
I. Anonymity, II. Similar or same subject previously dealt with, III. Incompatibility with the Convention's provisions, IV. Domestic remedies exhausted. Which of the listed above is a reason for inadmission by the European Court of Human Rights?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 19
I. Case law has not any role in any circumstances in civil law system. II. The binding part of the decision is called ratio decidendi in case law system. III. A judge can overrule a decision of a lower court. Which ones are the correct?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 20
Which of the followings is not one of the duties and powers of the Turkish National Assembly?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 21
In how many categories does law divide legal wrongs?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 22
Which of the following codes is the oldest one?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 23
Which of the following philosophers influenced the systematization of law in Germany?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 24
Which one is examined in different subbranch of law?
Sonraki soru ↓ - Soru 25
Which of the followings is not one of the historical documents to codify laws?
Görselli sorular
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Kısa cevaplı konu soruları
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 1
How can law be defined?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
Although there are numerous definitions, a standard definition that contains the most significant elements would read as follows: “law is a set of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the courts.”
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 2
There are many laws of football that regulate how the game should be played. What qualities of the ball are regulated by law?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
The shape, material, size, weight. Any qualities that would/could affect the outcome of a given situation in any way are regulated by law so that they are fair. In this example, according to the law, the ball has to be; • spherical • made of leather or other suitable material • of a circumference of not more than 70 cm (28 ins) and not less than 68 cm (27 ins) • not more than 450 g (16 oz) and not less than 410 g (14 oz) in weight at the start of the match • of a pressure equal to 0.6 – 1.1 atmosphere (600 – 1,100 g/cm2 ) at sea level (8.5 lbs/sq in – 15.6 lbs/sq in)4
Cevabın yayımlanmış cevapla uyuştu mu?
- Kısa cevap · Soru 3
What are procedural rules?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
A legal system consists of not only substantive rules, but also it contains rules regarding the ways in which a right can be used or obtained. Such rules define the conditions within which a right can be claimed, which are called procedural rules. The rule that regulates the substitution procedure in a game is a good example.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 4
What is nullity?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
By declaring a legal action null and void an act performed in violation of law is rendered ineffective, or devoid of legal effect. If a legal act is void, this means that it was never in the eyes of the law a valid act. Indeed, such a legal act is regarded as “dead” from the beginning, and it is regarded as nullity. If a marriage is due to some defect (marriage before an unauthorized person, for example) existing at the time the marriage was celebrated is null and void, it will be non-existent meaning that it will produce no legal effect whatsoever. Unlike the cases of being void ab initio, in the instances of voidability, it is up to the parties to decide whether or not they wish to nullify the effect of a legal act.
Cevabın yayımlanmış cevapla uyuştu mu?
- Kısa cevap · Soru 5
What are the characteristics of law in a developed system?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
• Law is a system or set of rules. These rules are general, universally applicable to all cases that are within the confines of a particular rule; and finally, legal rules are predictable. • Legal rules are binding • Collective enforcement of law is ensured by an authority, say, police or court; • Depending on the legal tradition laws man made either by the legislature or judges or both.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 6
How does law help maintain order?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
A legal system provides remedies if the precepts of the legal system are not followed or broken. Law imposes a restraint on our liberty in order to guarantee a peaceful order among the members of society. This is the first function of law, i.e. establishment and preservation of order in a society.
Cevabın yayımlanmış cevapla uyuştu mu?
- Kısa cevap · Soru 7
How are justice and law different?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
Justice is not synonymous with law. It is, therefore, possible for a law to be called unjust. In general terms, justice is regarded as a moral ideal that law seeks to uphold, and it is a challenging task ascertaining what is just and unjust in a particular situation.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 8
Based on Aristotle's approach, how can justice be defined?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
Justice must be a type of mean, namely, finding a proper balance between two extremes: between excess and deficiency. So, for Aristotle justice is a balancing act, a fair mean. Accordingly, he argues that justice consists of treating the equal equally and the unequal unequally, which is reflected in the motto of justice: ‘treat like case alike and unlike cases differently’. This idea of justice rests on the idea of proportionate equality, which implies objectivity and neutrality in judicial-decision making, the eyes of justice are blind.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 9
What is corrective justice?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
Corrective justice, in simple terms, is the justice of courts, which seeks to remedy and redress of crimes or civil wrongs. If, for example, a crime has been committed, punishment of the offender would serve corrective justice, in other words, re-establishing justice that has been damaged by a criminal offence.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 10
What is distributive justice?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
Distributive justice, which concerns giving each according to his desert or merit in the best interest of society. In essence, distributive justice means that political office or money to be apportioned in accordance with merit. Distributive justice concerns the just distribution of goods, benefits, and burdens in society.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 11
What is the legal positivism approach?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
Legal positivists take their view of law from positive science. Law is studied on an objective and empirical basis. The question is not what law ought to be, but rather what actually law is. Only laws on the statute books and other written forms can be considered as law since they have an empirical form. Consequently, according to this view, the function of a judge is mechanical: it is simply to apply the objective.
Cevabın yayımlanmış cevapla uyuştu mu?
- Kısa cevap · Soru 12
What is the natural law approach(sense of justice)?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
The natural law view has a moral (or “natural justice”) dimension, in that it seeks to define law not simplyas it is (i.e. in its empirical form) but also how it ought to be, that is, in line with “morally” correct or just behaviour. According to this view of law, whatever positive law may provide, there is always a set of moral norms dictating human behaviour.
Cevabın yayımlanmış cevapla uyuştu mu?
- Kısa cevap · Soru 13
What are the first known examples of codified law?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
• The Code of Hammurabi • The law of the Athenian statesman Solon • Twelve tables • Corpus Juris Civilis • Napoleonic Codification Movement
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 14
What are the features that makes The Western legal tradition different than non-Western legal traditions?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
• A fairly clear demarcation between legal institutions (including adjudication, legislation, and the rules they spawn), on the one hand, and other types of institutions, on the other; legal authority in the former exerting supremacy over political institutions. • The nature of legal doctrine which comprises the principal source of law and the basis of legal training, knowledge, and institutional practice • The concept of law as a coherent, organic body of rules and principles with its own internal logic • The existence and specialized training of lawyers and other legal personnel
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 15
What are the fundamental components of the rule of law?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
• Law must be accessible and so far as possible intelligible, clear and predictable; • Questions of legal right and liability should be ordinarily resolved by application of law and not the exercise of discretion; • Laws of the land should apply equally to all, save to the extent that objective differences justify differentiation; • Ministers and public officers at all levels must exercise the powers conferred on them in good faith, fairly, for the purpose for which the powers were conferred, without exceeding the limits of such powers and not unreasonably; • Law must afford adequate protection of fundamental human rights; • Means must be provided for resolving, without prohibitive cost or inordinate delay, bona fide civil disputes which the parties themselves are unable to resolve; • Adjudicative procedures provided by state should be fair; • The rule of law requires compliance by the state with its obligations in international law as in national law
Cevabın yayımlanmış cevapla uyuştu mu?
- Kısa cevap · Soru 16
What events led the Western World to the concept of modern civil law?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
Twelve Tables are the earliest written sources of Roman law, which is the initial source of the civil law tradition. The term civil law derives from the Latin ius civile meaning the law applicable to all Roman citizens. Its origins and basic model are to be found in the compilation and codification of Roman law under Justinian in the sixth century A.D, which in the sixteenth century came to be known as Corpus iuris civilis, which can be translated as “Body of Civil Law”. This compilation consists of three books: the Digest, Codex, and Institutes. These books contain rules regarding the law of persons, the family, inheritance, property, torts, unjust enrichment, and contracts and finally the remedies by which interests protected by the law are judicially protected.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 17
What are the basic characteristics of the traditional common law?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
• It is uncodified; • It is largely based on precedent and case law; • It is developed from customs and decisions made by judges; • It is not made by Parliament.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 18
What are the differences between contemporary common law tradition and civil law tradition?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
• The common law is essentially unwritten, but recently legislation has started to play a more significant role among the sources of law in the common law jurisdictions too. • The common law is casuistic: components of the legal body are cases, rather than abstract norms. It is, therefore, no surprise that legal education in the common law jurisdictions based on “reading cases”. • The doctrine of precedent is the supreme principle of the common law. The doctrine of precedent means that is binding for other courts and that the judgments of higher courts are binding on those lower in the judicial system. The rationale for this principle is, among others, the concerns of constancy, predictability, and objectivity, which are objectives of any legal system that seeks justice among its subjects. • Trial by jury for both criminal and civil cases. This is, indeed, one of the most remarkable features of the common law. In a jury trial, the jury decides on the facts of the case; the judge determines the law.46 One important aspect of the trial by jury is its emphasis on oral argumentation and rhetoric. In the civil law tradition, however, written argument prevails.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 19
What are the judicial ethics of the resolution adopted by The European Court of Human Rights that provide rules with regard to independence, impartiality and integrity of its judges?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
• Independence: In the exercise of their judicial functions, judges shall be independent of all external authority or influence. They shall refrain from any activity or membership of an association, and avoid any situation, that may affect confidence in their independence; • Impartiality: Judges shall exercise their functions impartially and ensure the appearance of impartiality. They shall take care to avoid conflicts of interest as well as situations that may be reasonably perceived as giving rise to a conflict of interest. • Integrity: Judges’ conduct must be consistent with the high moral character that is a criterion for judicial office. They should be mindful at all times of their duty to uphold the standing and reputation of the Court.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 20
What were the sources of law in Roman law?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
• statutes (leges), • enactments of the plebeians (plebiscita), • resolves of the senate (senatus consulta), • enactments of the emperor, • edicts of those who have an authority to issue them, • the answers of those learned in the law (responsa prudentium)
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 21
What are the sources of modern law?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
The sources of law in EU are based on the distinction of primary and secondary legislations. Primary legislation is made from the constitutive Treaties, international agreements and general principles established by the Court of Justice of European Union. Secondary legislation is made from all the acts recognized by EU law. The secondary sources of EU law are regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations and opinions.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 22
How are the sources of Turkish law ordered?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
The sources of law of Turkish law ordered in such a way from top to down may be listed as follows: • The Constitution • Statutes • International treaties
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 23
What are the basic characteristics of the Turkish Republic, as enshrined in the constitution?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
• democracy, • secularism, • commitment to Atatürk nationalism, • the rule of law, • respect for human rights, and • social state
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 24
When does a practice become a law?
Sonraki soru ↓Yayımlanmış cevap
A certain practice could be regarded as law if the following requirements are cumulatively met: • A custom must have been existed for a long time; • It must have been followed continuously; • It cannot be abandoned; • It cannot be interrupted; • It must be reasonable in nature; • It must not be in contraction with the existing canon of law.
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- Kısa cevap · Soru 25
What are the horizontal and vertical dimensions of juridification?
Yayımlanmış cevap
• Horizontal dimension: captures the phenomenon that in modern society law increasingly spread its reach and it now regulates a wide range of social activities. Law has spread into areas that were formerly considered private and beyond the reach of law. Aspects of domestic and family relations are, for example, now regulated by law. • Vertical dimension: concerns the expansion of increasingly detailed normative standards.In England have been, for instance, more than 3000 new offences in the last 15 years created.
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Introduction to Law hakkında
Introduction to Law sayfasında kaç soru var?
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