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It is the type of money which you can withdraw anytime from a commercial bank. hey can be withdrawn anytime and can be used via checks and credit card.
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Demand deposits can be withdrawn anytime and can be used via checks and credit cards. But time deposits can be withdrawn from bank only after a certain time. Therefore, you can not use your time deposits to make any payment. If you have a time deposit in a bank, you cannot make a payment by writing a check like in demand deposits.
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Near money is an asset which has a high liquidity but cannot be used directly in payments.
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M1 is a monetary aggregate which consists of currency in circulation plus total demand deposits in banking system. It is also known as narrow definition of money supply.
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M2 is a monetary aggregate which consists of M1 plus total time deposits in banking system (also known as broad definition of money supply).
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M3 is a monetary aggregate which consists of M2 plus repo accounts, money market funds and debt securities issued.
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Bank is a financial institution which basically operates by accepting deposits from people and loaning these collected funds to firms and people and investing securities.
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Reserves are the sum of cash in bank’s vault and demand deposits in central bank and other banks.
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Fractional reserve banking can be defined as a banking system in which banks hold an amount of money less than their deposit debts as reserve.
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Money demand is the quantity of money that economic agents want to hold.
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Transaction demand for money is the quantity of money that economic agents want to hold with the intent of spending for goods and services.
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Precautionary demand for money is the quantity of money that economic agents want to hold with the intent of defraying unforeseen expenses.
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Speculative demand for money is the quantity of money that economic agents want to hold because of price uncertainty of financial assets other than money.
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Velocity of money is the number that represents, on average, how many times one unit of money is used for purchasing final goods and services.
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Neutrality of money is the phenomenon indicating that changes in quantity of money do not have any effect in production amount (or real variables of the economy) but affect only in prices.
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General tools of monetary policy are tools that central banks use to direct reserves of banking system in a country consisting of required reserve ratios, discount rates and open market operations.
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Open market operations are central bank’s purchasing and selling transactions of government securities in interbank market in order to affect the level of banking system’s reserves and, therefore, supply of money.
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Aggregate demand is the total amount of goods and services demanded at various price levels by all sectors in an economy(households,firms,government, and external world).
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Aggregate demand curve is the curve that shows the relationship between general price level and production level.
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An increase in government expenditure or a reduction in taxes leads to an increase in production (real income) at each price level.
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Aggregate supply is the total amount of goods and services produced at various price levels in an economy.
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Aggregate supply curve is the curve showing the relation between the total amount of production and prices offered by all firms in an economy.
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Classical economists argue that the short-run supply curve is completely vertical or rather steep because the economy is always at full of employment as a result of dynamics of the market mechanism.
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Equilibrium price level is the price level at which the aggregate demand is equal to aggregate supply.
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Price stability is the situation in which the general price level in the economy either changes very slowly or does not change at all.
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