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İlerleme yükleniyor…
The question of where the law comes from could be answered with reference to legal tradition, and, in particular, the legal system we are dealing with. In any legal system, there are sets of recognized sources of law.
Cevabın yayımlanmış cevapla uyuştu mu?
In many respects, the interpretation of contracts resembles to that of statutes. However, there some aspects of interpretation that are peculiar to the contracts. For example, when interpreting wills, the interpreter must give effect, as far as possible, to the testator’s intention expressed in the will.
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Law is not the only normative system we have. Morality, etiquette and manners regulate and shape our behaviour as well. Moreover, in the historical development of law, the stage of customary law was identical with morality. In other words, law and morality were one and the same thing. Yet, history witnessed the separation of laws and morals.
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Deduction; A typical judgment in a legal system based on civil law tradition is a logical deduction or series of logical deductions drawn from pre-existing premises. Analogy; Known as one of the most commonly used arguments in legal reasoning in every legal system, legal analogy simply means finding the solution to a problem by reference to another similar problem and its solution.
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“Civil law” is one of the predominant systems of law in the world, together with the Anglo-Saxon law or in other words common law.
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Interpretation is the process of clarifying the true meaning of a written document.43 As a result of interpretation, the interpreter shall decide whether the rule in consideration is applicable to the case at hand.
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Family is the basic unit in the society; therefore, not only with the Civil Code but also in the Constitution, great emphasis is granted to the family and to the protection of the family. Therefore Turkish Constitution also brings some provisions that regulate the family in a general way.
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Rationality Certainty Justification Guidance
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Gap is one of the most contested concepts in legal methodology. According to the assumption of legal positivism, a state legal order is a complete system without gaps. The prevailing view is, however, that gaps exist and must be closed. Although gap- filling in law uses the methods of interpretation, the distinction between interpretation and gap- filling needs to be acknowledged.
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There are four conditions for unjust enrichment to exist: 1. There must be enrichment in the property of a person. 2. There must be a decrease in the value of property of another person. 3. The enrichment must be without a just cause 4. There must be a causal relation between the enrichment and the decrease in the value of property.
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1. Creditor: Creditor is the party who is entitled to request the consideration. 2. Debtor: Debtor is the party who is bound to perform a certain act given as consideration. 3. Consideration: Consideration is an act, which the debtor is obliged to perform as the content of her obligation.
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Law of obligations is the branch of civil law particularly concerned with the relations that create obligations. These relations are actually very important for everyone and even in our daily lives every day we enter into these kinds of relations, mostly without recognizing the legal meaning and significance.
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1. Law of persons 2. Family law 3. Law of succession 4. Law of property 5. Law of obligations
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• The Constitution • Statutes • International treaties • Decrees with the effect of law • Regulations • By-laws • Customary law • Judicial decisions
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For the debtor to be in default, there are two conditions to be fulfilled: 1. The obligation should be due 2. The creditor has to draw a notice (formal reminder)
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1. Unilateral legal transactions: In unilateral legal transactions there is only one intention declared. 2. Bilateral legal transactions: If at least two intentions are declared mutually, there are bilateral legal transactions. 3. Decisions: There are several declarations of intentions that are declared in the same direction.
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1. First of all, an offer must be definite and certain. 2. Secondly, the offer must be communicated to the offeree. 3. Lastly, the offer must be seriously made. In other words, an offer must be made with real intention of the offeror.
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1. Freedom to enter into a contract 2. Freedom to choose the other party of a contract 3. Freedom of form 4. Freedom to withdraw a contract 5. Freedom to choose the type and subject- matter of a contract.
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1. Act: First of all, there must be an act. 2. Unlawfulness: Unlawfulness is the avoidance of the compulsory legal rules that safeguard a person in her person and/ or property. 3. Fault (culpa): Fault is either a willful act or a negligent act. 4. Damage: It is the loss either given to a person or to his property or both. 5. Proximate causal relation: There must be a proximate causal relation between the unlawful act and the damages.
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Unjust enrichment is a gain acquired in an unjustifiable manner out of the property of another person. According to article 77 of the Code of Obligations, a person who has enriched himself without just cause at the expense of another is obliged to make restitution.
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In the modern legal systems there are two types of persons: Real persons (natural persons) and legal person (juristic persons).
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Default of the debtor is a form of failure to perform of an obligation, where the performance is still actually possible.
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Legal persons are corporate and independent bodies with a specific propose that acquire legal personality according to the special provisions by which they are regulated. The legal persons having an aim against the law and morality may not acquire legal personality.
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Capacity to act is, on the contrary, an active capacity. A person who has capacity to act has the capacity to acquire rights and incur obligations through his/her own actions.
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If a legally recognized right of a member of the society is harmed or not fulfilled by another member of the society, this constitutes a disagreement. If the said disagreement is expressed in any way, a dispute is born.
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