Soru arşivi yükleniyor…
Soru arşivi yükleniyor…
Sorular yükleniyor…
Sınav ve konu sorularıyla çalış. Cevabını kontrol et, zorlandığın soruları kaydet ve yeniden çöz.
288 sorunun metninde arama yapabilirsin.
Diğer 3 görselli soruları kendi sayfalarında çözebilirsin.
İlerleme yükleniyor…
Bir seçeneği işaretlediğinde cevap gösterilir. Klavyede Tab ile sorulara, ok tuşlarıyla seçeneklere geçebilirsin.
Soruyu oku ve A–E arasından cevabını seç. Seçiminden sonra doğru cevap gösterilir.
İlerleme yükleniyor…
Görseli tam boyutta aç ↗Görseldeki doğru seçeneğin harfini işaretle.
Sonraki görselli soru ↓
Görseli tam boyutta aç ↗Görseldeki doğru seçeneğin harfini işaretle.
Sonraki görselli soru ↓
Görseli tam boyutta aç ↗Görseldeki doğru seçeneğin harfini işaretle.
Kendi cevabını düşün, sonra yayımlanmış cevapla karşılaştır. Değerlendirmeyi sen yaparsın.
İlerleme yükleniyor…
System is a collection of conceptual or physical components that are brought together to reach one or more specific purpose or conclusion.
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Everything stays out of the system constitutes the environment of system.
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The system which has not got any interaction with its environment or other systems in the environment is termed as closed system. Nevertheless, system that is related, interacted and communicated with its environment or other systems in the environment is described as open system. Almost all the systems have the features of open system.
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Inflows to the open system from environment or elements exported during interaction with environment are named input. In contrast, outflows from open system to the environment or imported elements are termed output.
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The sequence of activities required to transform the input to output is called process.
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Control and feedback are two important functions performed on open systems. Control function involves monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement of its goal. The control function then makes the necessary adjustments to a system’s input and processing components to ensure that it produces proper output. The results obtained with control function are transmitted to system as input once again with a function named feedback.
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A system is composed of multiple components. On the other hand, if each of the constituent components of a system can be distinguished from other components, which are meaningful in themselves, then the constituent component should also be considered as a subsystem.
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The business is defined as economic units producing products or services by bringing together the production factors in a planned and compatible manner within specific objectives.
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We can consider each business departments are a subsystem of business system, and each subsystem has its own components oriented to fulfill its function. Besides, businesses transform the inputs like raw materials, supplies, energy etc. to outputs as beneficial products and services in order to have profit and to serve the society in general. While supplying the specific inputs and providing products and services, enterprises exist in an environment that they must interact with. After the definitions and explanations given above, it is now possible to see that businesses are open systems which have input, process and output operations.
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Information system is a system that accepts data as input, produces meaningful information as output by processing the data and stores the data and information to be accessed again when it is necessary.
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Hardware resources, software resources, data resources, network resources and people resources are the fundamental components of the information system.
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Data are raw, unprocessed, uninterpretable objective facts or impressions obtained as a result of observations or experiments. Data are unstructured records of activities carried out in accordance with institutional objectives. Data are not able to help the decision makers about what to do and how to do unless they are associated with other data. In other words, they are meaningless by themselves. Information is a form of data that is organized to be meaningful. Data turn to information when they are associated multi-dimensionally with one another. Therefore, it becomes the necessary resource to produce value adding information. Unlike the data, information is meaningful by itself. Along with this, it has a meaning only for the related person or unit. It gives an aspect to the related person to interpret the events and objects. Information which has far richer content than data is a written, verbal or visual message. Information aims to have some influence over the judgement and to change the perception of relevant person who receives the message on a related subject.
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Information is a form of data that is organized to be meaningful. Data turn to information when they are associated multi-dimensionally with one another. Most of the messages and news received from the inside and the environment of business are information. Information is used for interpretation, production of knowledge and decision making. Knowledge is the meaningful and value adding form of data and information which are transformed as a result of some processes and adjustments to be effective in decision making. Knowledge is acquired as a result of combining thoughts, experiments, foresights and intuitions with purposeful information and evaluating them.
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The concept of knowledge may be evaluated in two categories as know-how and knowledge of state. Know-how is the opinion on a subject, situation or concept and the knowledge of the rules about the working ways of systems. Know-how is the knowledge which is effective for all similar organizations, it could be transferred by generalization; and therefore, may be acquired through education and experience. Knowledge of situation is, on the other hand, the processed data which defines the attributions of any subject, object or concept. Knowledge as a subject of the information systems is a type of knowledge of situation. These types of knowledge provide the possibility to know the situation of system through the values of variables that defines the situation.
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Wisdom is more difficult to define, but it refers to the ability to learn from experience and adapt to changing conditions. Data, information and knowledge are impersonal concepts unlike wisdom. Wisdom deals with individual’s values, intuitions, understanding, interpretations and judgments. Because it is not impersonal and generalizable, it is non-algorithmic and non-programmable. From this, we can infer that this is the fundamental characteristic which differs human being from computer.
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Data processing is the transformation process of data to information as a result of some specific operations on raw data. Accordingly, data is the input and information is the output of data processing. Activities performed in data processing may be listed as in the following: • Record • Verify • Classify • Sort or adjust • Mathematical or logical calculation • Summarize • Reproduce • Store • Access • Transfer
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Information processing is transforming the processed data (information) to a form (knowledge) providing support to decision making by being passed through specific operations. Accordingly, information is the input and knowledge is the output of information processing. It should be noted that information obtained at the end of information processing session might be a data item for another person or unit and this data item must be processed in a data processing to support a different decision.
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Employees called as information workers should be separated as data workers and information workers. Office workers like secretary, clerk or bookkeeper are in the position of data workers who are obliged to record and transact all kind of activities within the business.
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The workers who are responsible from design of products or services and transforming the information into knowledge such as engineer, architect, scientist etc. are in the position of information workers.
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Business processes are the series of activities which are supposed to be performed for the completion of a specific job in the business and have logical relationship between one another. The series of activities performed during the period from receipt of order to delivery of product to customer in a manufacture company is an example of business process. Each step of this process which are receiving order, producing, delivery and making collection are sub-business processes.
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Transaction processing system is the fundamental generator of information needed for both other information systems and business processes. Features of transaction processing systems are listed in the following: • They record and store operations and recall them when they are needed. • They are originated from classical files. • They produce periodic outputs, generally. • They produce information for operational level management primarily. • They are interested in daily operations. The processes involved are related to repeated operations with high volume and load. • They have limited flexibility for special information requests apart from generally produced information
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Operations support systems also make routine decisions that control operational processes. Process control systems are used to provide support in managing physical processes and inappropriate decision making. Mentioned decisions here may be obtained through computers after specific parameters are identified.
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Enterprise collaboration systems that enable individuals to communicate with each other by using different information technologies in such situations where individuals need to work together interactively
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Information system applications are termed as management support systems when they are concentrated to produce the information that support managerial decisions.
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Transaction processing systems record substantial amount of data. However, these records, as earlier mentioned, may be used to answer instant inquiries and to determine a specific situation. Managers need more to make decisions. The only existence of transaction processing systems will not go beyond being an unorganized mass of information from the aspect of decision-making. At this point, management information systems step into it. Management information systems provide correct information in timely manner that make decision making process easier by cleaning, organizing and integrating data collected from different resources and presenting it to managers as a summarized information.
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SIK SORULAN SORULAR
Bu derste 12 çoktan seçmeli, 3 görselli ve 276 kısa cevaplı soru bulunuyor. Her soru türü en fazla 25 soruluk sayfalara ayrılır.
Çoktan seçmeli ve görselli sorularda bir seçeneği işaretlediğinde doğru cevap gösterilir. Kısa cevaplı sorularda önce cevabını düşün, sonra kaynak cevabı açıp kendini değerlendir. Zorlandığın soruları yeniden çalışabilir, ilerlemeni aynı tarayıcıda sürdürebilirsin.
Hayır. Yılı ve sınav türü doğrulanabilen kayıtlarda bu bilgi soru kartında gösterilir. Arşiv, tüm yılların eksiksiz resmî sınav kitapçığı olarak değerlendirilmemelidir.